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Open its course - Software Engineering

Short Questions for Software Architecture

  • 1 Discuss at least five architectural genres (architectural types).

    Answer
    Grady Booch suggests the following architectural genres for software-based systems: 

    1. Artificial intelligence: Systems that simulate or augment human cognition, locomotion, or other organic processes. 
    2. Commercial and nonprofit: Systems that are fundamental to the operation of a business enterprise. 
    3. Communications: Systems that provide the infrastructure for transferring and managing data, for connecting users of that data, or for presenting data at the edge of an infrastructure. 
    4. Content authoring—Systems that are used to create or manipulate textual or multimedia artifacts. 
    5. Devices—Systems that interact with the physical world to provide some point service for an individual. 
    6. Entertainment and sports—Systems that manage public events or that provide a large group entertainment experience. 
    7. Financial—Systems that provide the infrastructure for transferring and managing money and other securities. 
    8. Games—Systems that provide an entertainment experience for individuals or groups. 
    9. Government—Systems that support the conduct and operations of a local, state, federal, global, or other political entity. 
    10. Industrial—Systems that simulate or control physical processes. 
    11. Legal—Systems that support the legal industry. 
    12. Medical—Systems that diagnose or heal or that contribute to medical research. 
    13. Military—Systems for consultation, communications, command, control, and intelligence (C4I) as well as offensive and defensive weapons. Operating systems—Systems that sit just above hardware to provide basic software services. 
    14. Platforms—Systems that sit just above operating systems to provide advanced services. 
    15. Scientific—Systems that are used for scientific research and applications. 
    16. Tools—Systems that are used to develop other systems. 
    17. Transportation—Systems that control water, ground, air, or space vehicles. 
    18. Utilities—Systems that interact with other software to provide some point service.

  • 2 For what three reasons is the architecture important?

    Answer
    Three key reasons that show that software architecture is important are: 

    1. Representations of software architecture are an enabler for communication between all parties (stakeholders). 
    2. The architecture highlights early design decisions that will have a profound impact on all software engineering work that follows and, as important, on the ultimate success of the system as an operational entity. 
    3. Constitutes a relatively small, intellectually graspable model of how the system is structured and how its components work together

  • 3 Define software architecture.

    Answer
    Software architecture is the structure of the system, which comprise software components, the externally visible properties of those components, and the relationships among them. 

    The architecture is not the operational software. Rather, it is a representation that enables you to 
    1. Analyze the effectiveness of the design in meeting its stated requirements 
    2. Consider architectural alternatives at a stage when making design changes is still relatively easy, and 
    3. Reduce the risks associated with the construction of the software.

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